The Pre Written Research Papers for Sale Diaries

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Essay Writing Tips - Make Your Essay Writing Fun

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A History of 5 Paragraph Essay Topics for Hamlet Refuted

A History of 5 Paragraph Essay Topics for Hamlet Refuted This expression provides the transitional hook for the previous paragraph within the body of the paper. Essentially, thesis statement ought to be proven throughout the essay. It is usually only one sentence and is made up of the topic, focus, and three main points of the essay. The 5 paragraph essay is regarded as the typical essay writing assignment. Understanding how to write a 5 paragraph essay is a good portion of any admission procedure, so should you need to complete it correctly, get acquainted with samples online and follow our simple guidelines. If you would like to succeed, it's crucial to be aware of the principal grading points for your five paragraph essay. The next 5 paragraph essay template should let you know precisely what you have to do to finish your assignment. Now you own a body paragraph. Before discussing the conclusion you should consider the way that your body paragraphs want to get built. Each paragraph of the human body must have a particular major point about the topic called an argument. Explain the purpose of the Gravediggers at the start of Act V. 5. 5 Paragraph Essay Topics for Hamlet Can Be Fun for Everyone Once you are finished selecting a topic, take into consideration the right format for your essay. The revisions are unquestionably free! Write an answer to that matter. If it comes to writing essays in college, all of us need somewhere to start. There are a lot more topics on various academic disciplines so you may develop your own suggestions. Frequently, students may be requested to compose a hamlet essay paper, as part of their school assignment. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. As soon as you know what kind of an essay you should finish, it is very important to understand all the requirements, imposed by your professor. All teachers wish to see three or more credible sources in your paper. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. There are six basic kinds of five-paragraph academic papers. Before discussing the conclusion, it's crucial to take a look at the manner body paragraphs are built. The introductory paragraph comprises a paraphrase of something said by a renowned person as a way to find the reader's interest. If do not have any idea how a fantastic five-paragraph essay needs to be formatted, please have a peek at various examples posted online free of charge. In an outline, you will need to present the whole idea in the easiest way possible. This list comprises some remarkable topics which can be derived from this work. You may find that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. You're able to turn to a writing service and seek the services of an expert writer, who can deal with a wide range of subjects and topics. See samples of work on several topics. 5 Paragraph Essay Topics for Hamlet for Dummies What follows is a succession of events that end tragically, a bloodbath of the full family. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.

Student Athletes For The University Of Ohio - 912 Words

Secondly, for student athletes who practice a sport and attend classes, it is often difficult to complete both tasks. Many students begin to show less motivation making it harder to stay focus and attend their required classes. This is the case of student- athlete Cardale Jones, a quarterback for the University of Ohio. After taking his sociology final exam, he commented that coming to class was pointless when his only responsibility was to play football for the university (Tracy 1). Student athletes start to show poor academic achievement when they consume a lot of time in their sports and often forget about their role of being a student. For instance, when students are not able to complete their school assignments during the day they decide to study late and do not sleep the necessary hours they need in order for their bodies to function and their brains to focus. In this case, the poor achievement in students is notable because they do not perform well in school and do not have a good nutrition. They often do not have time to eat the required three meals a day that their bodies need. The poor academic achievement is often noticeable when many coaches begin to tell their athletes that they are not allowed to take classes that interfere with practice. This puts athletes in a barrier when they have to balance the two roles of responsibility of attending class and completing homework assignments and attending the games. Student athletes have a poor mental and physical bodyShow MoreRelatedThe Athletes Of The Athletic Department862 Words   |  4 PagesWhile only one of the women I worked with this semester is graduating, I know that other female athletes within the athletic department have and are carrying on the leadership skills they learned because of athletics. For the sake of privacy, some names have been changed. One student, Beatrice Manuel, was a successful student-athlete here at Ohio that is graduating with me next week. Over the course of four years , she learned key leadership skills such as how to lead a team and work with them, resilienceRead MoreCollege Sports Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagescollege. Being a collegiate athlete is, without question, the hardest athletic profession in the world. Not only are students devoted to their sport, which requires an obscene amount of time of preparation, but they are also devoted to their school work. And the award they receive for their hard work? Of course there are the great memories, friendships made, â€Å"free education†, or national championships, but are theses students receiving their fair share? Should college athletes be paid? It is a questionRead MoreShould Student Athletes Be Paid?1691 Words   |  7 PagesIt is mid-February and for college athletes and fans everywhere that means that the College Football â€Å"Bowl† season is over and â€Å"March Madness† is around the corner. The â€Å"Bowl† Season is a series of college football games fro m the elite teams, sponsored by various corporations and â€Å"March Madness† is a 68 team single elimination tournament to decide who the best team in college basketball is. For the students involved they get a chance to have their legacy live on forever and for some it is a chanceRead MoreThe University Of Findlay And Ohio Dominican University920 Words   |  4 Pagesthat seem to meet my criteria are The University of Findlay and Ohio Dominican University. Both colleges have positive aspects, such as having the major that I am interested in as well as being close to family.   However, The University of Findlay seems to be a better fit than Ohio Dominican because it is closer to home and I am familiar with the campus and I grew up on this campus. When comparing The University of Findlay (UF) and Ohio Dominican University (ODU),   I have found similarities and differencesRead MoreShould College Athletes Have the Right to Be Paid? Research Paper1643 Words   |  7 PagesShould college athletes have the right to get paid? The debate has been going on for a while, even more so in the past few years. Many different sports experts and reporters have put in their opinion and there are many different ideas out there. There are numerous ideas of why or why not, and countless different ways that have been suggested. A lot of big name school such as University of Miami and University of Ohio to name a few have been in the news lately for all the discipline they have beenRead MoreEthical Issues with the Ncaa942 Words   |  4 Pagesnews lately about the treatment college athletes are receiving compared to the non-athletic students of universities. Is the practice of favoring athletes and bending the rules in the favor of universities to enable the best college sports stars to play ethical? Two major ethical issues that have been in the public eye as of late is cheating and grade tampering, and recruiting tactics. Both of these actions are unethical, but it still isnt stopping universities around the country to discontinue inRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?950 Words   |  4 Pagesno different. Paying College athletes would result in improved student life, removal of the double standards athletes face, and fair compensation to the athletes for the money they generate. The way the system is set up, it makes it very hard for a professionally athlete to sustain a typical life. Generally tuition for good colleges is about $25,000 per year, and some people would say â€Å"$100,000 over four years is a lot of money for an athlete†. It is but most athletes don’t even last 4 years at theirRead MoreCollegiate Infractions1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe NCAA and its student-athletes deal with much more than are seen by the general public. The coaches and players always have hidden agendas. Scandals or infractions are committed every year in collegiate sports and are left unnoticed. The NCAA does its best in trying to keep this under control but have difficulty doing so. Student-Athletes receiving improper benefits and breaking NCAA rules are a common group and information on these atrocities must be brought to light. The receiving of improperRead MoreCollege Athletes : National Collegiate Athletic Association1444 Words   |  6 Pagesright or wrong. Others view that athletes are already receiving pay with scholarships. Athletes in higher revenue generating sports, comparable to basketball and football, are usually more likely to earn a full-ride scholarship. Full-ride scholarships allow an athlete to attend institutions at little to no cost. Without full-ride or partial scholarships, certain players could not afford to attend school. This is due to the poverty in areas where several college athletes come from. The NCAA has depositedRead MoreNCAA Atheltics: Young Money Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesdollars in revenue for their schools but do not receive any. College athletes cannot be paid because of the â€Å"no pay† rules and the â€Å"Principle of Amateurism.† The NCAA will not have to deal with as many rule violations and scandals. Plus, the NCAA could still label an amateuri sm principle without actually crossing the line with professionalism. Because athletes are focusing solely on sports and have no time to do anything else, athletes need money to support themselves. Not only does the school acquire

Business Law The Contractual Relations

Question: Describe about the Business Law for The Contractual Relations. Answer: 1. Issue: Whether contractual relations can be established with any of the three tenders, or not? Rule: A tender, like contract, where one party offers or promises to do something to, which is done by the other party, in exchange for some consideration (Farlex, 2016). Since both tender and contract need an offer and acceptance, similar postal rules apply in both cases. When an offer is made to one party, the other party has to accept the offer, in order to formulate a contract. Such an acceptance has to be communicated and a mere mental decision is not sufficient (Carter, 2011). The general rule regarding acceptance is that when the communication of acceptance is received, only then it is deemed as an acceptance (OBrien, 2007). But the postal rules are an exception to this rule. When the acceptance for any offer is communicated through the post, the date of acceptance is taken as the date of posting of such an acceptance. The postal rules are only applicable in such cases when the post is acknowledged as a means of acceptance. It is irrespective if such post was received by the other party (Latimer, 2012). In the case of Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise (1957) 98 CLR 93, the judge held that the acceptance by post cannot be justified, unless the offer has reasons to believe that the offer can be accepted by doing such act (Jade, 2016). In the case of Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) LR 5 CPD 344, the judges held that the delivery to the post office is to be considered as the delivery to the other party, as the post office acts as an agent for such purposes (Thomson Reuters, 2016). Application: In the given case, the acceptance in three cases has to be analyzed. For Greenland, the acceptance was hand-delivered and so the date of such delivery is the date of acceptance, i.e., May 29. For Enviro, the acceptance was posted on May 15 and hence, this will be the date of acceptance as per the postal rules. For Plan Forever, the acceptance was posted on May 30, and so, this will be the date of acceptance. To consider the contractual position, the acceptance of such tenders by the University has to be considered. Since, the administrative assistance forgot the tender of Enviro, it was the fault on part of University. And so, no contract was formed in this case. The legal tender of Greenland was not considered due to unreliability rumors, but there was no breach of laws. Here also, no contract was formed as the tender was not considered. The University had accepted Plant Forevers tender and this was communicated through post. Applying the case laws here, as Plant Forever had accepted the tender through post, it had reasons to believe that the University would accept their offer through post. Also, as the post office is the agent of Plant Forever in this case, the destruction of post by the postal worker is not the fault of the University. And so, Plant Forever was in breach of a contract, as the contract was awarded to it by the university through the post. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it can be concluded that no contract was formed in the first two cases. But, in the case of Plant Forever, a contract was formed, and there was a breach of contract. So, the university can initiate actions against them for a breach of contract. 2. Issue: Whether there is a legal effect to the communication between Footloose, Famous Footwear and Jamess Shoes that took place between 1 October and 10 October, or not? Rule: A contract is formed when one party offers to do something for the other party and the other party accepts this offer, in exchange of a consideration. An offer is a willingness to enter into a contract, on the basis of certain conditions (Beatty, 2009). An advertisement in the newspaper which indicates the willingness of a person to bargain the terms of a contract is an invitation to treat (Abbott, Pendlebury and Wardman, 2007). In the case of Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552, the judges held that an indication by the owner of the property, as regards to an interest to sell the property, at some price, is not an offer and is rather an invitation to treat (E-Law Resources, 2016). When the offer is accepted by the party to which the offer is made, it becomes an acceptance. The general rule for acceptance is that the offer has to be accepted as it has been made. If any changes are made in the offer at the time of acceptance, it is deemed as a counter-offer and not an acceptance. In the matter of Hyde v Wrench (1840) Beav 334, the judges held that a counter offer kills the original offer and such original offer cannot be accepted on a future time period (Australian Contract Law, 2014). Once all the elements of a contract, namely offer, acceptance, consideration, intent, capacity, and clarity regarding the terms of a contract, are completed, a contract is formed (Furmston and Tolhurst, 2010). Application: Applying the above rules to the correspondence between Footloose, Famous Footwear and Jamess Shoes that took place between 1 October and 10 October: 1 October: The advertisement in the newspaper was an invitation to treat, as per the case of Harvey v Facey, as it indicated an interest to sell the product at a certain price. Moreover, a particular product was not identified, so clarity was absent. 2 October: As soon as an invitation to treat is accepted by a party, it becomes an offer. And so, this was an offer, as the invitation was accepted by Famous Footwear. 4 October: Here, upon acceptance of an invitation to treat, the offer was made for 2000 pairs by James at a price of $30,000 including GST and delivery. 6 October: Footloose, laid down a counter offer in this case, as it set the price for 2000 pairs at $30,000, excluding delivery. As the terms of this date were different from the date of offer, it will be treated as a counter offer and not an acceptance, as per the Hyde v Wrench case. 8 October: The acceptance of James was received on this date, as they accepted the offer made by Simone on 6th October. But a contract was not formed till this time period, as the clarity regarding the terms of the contract, pertaining to the delivery date was not clear. 10 October: The final terms of the contract were finalized on this day, as the delivery date was agreed to be 1st November. And so, a contract was formed on 10th October, following an invitation to treat, an offer, acceptance and the clarity regarding the terms of the contract. On this day, as the contract was formed, the legal effects were started. This is because until this stage, no legal document was formed and only when a contract is formed, can the legal effects rise regarding the offer, acceptance, consideration and the other terms of the contract. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the communication that took place between Footloose, Famous Footwear and Jamess Shoes between 1 October and 10 October, covered the aspects of an invitation to treat, an offer, an acceptance and the clarity regarding the terms of a contract. But the actual contract, which gave rise to legal effects, was formed only on the 10th October. And accordingly, this communication gave rise to the legality of the entire ten day communication. 3. Issue: Whether Richard has any claims against Cube, or not? Rule: As highlighted in the previous segments, in order to form a contract, certain elements are to be present. This includes an offer, an acceptance, consideration, intent, capacity, and clarity regarding the terms of a contract. When an offer is made by one party, it has to be accepted by the other party to the contract (McKendrick and Liu, 2015). Offer and acceptance play a key role in a contract. An offer is a clear statement regarding the terms of the contract, which the other party has the option to accept or reject. An offer presents the intention to be contractually bound by the contract, with stated and defined terms, which are communicated to the other party (Paterson, Robertson and Duke 2012). Whether or not the parties have reached the terms of the contract is determined by the objective test, established in the case of Smith v. Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597 (Swarb, 2015). In this case, the judges held that in order to determine if a valid offer has been made, instead of viewing the intentions of the parties, the view of a reasonable person in similar situation, should be taken. Moreover, to use the objective test, the two conditions should be satisfied. Firstly, the conduct of the said offering party should be in a manner, which would induce a prudent person in believing that an offer was made to them. Secondly, the party to which the offer was made should have actually believed in the offer and that the offer was a genuine one (Moles and Sangha, 2016). To formulate a valid contract, the contracting parties have to express themselves in such a manner that a reasonable degree of certainty can be determined. And unless, the parties had the same intentions, it would merely be an assumption. In the case of G Scammell and Nephew Ltd v HCJG Ouston [1941] 1 AC 251, it was established by the court that in case the terms are too vague, the contract cannot be enforced (Cooley (UK) LLP, 2010). Application: In the given case study, Richard had a discussion with Cube, who was the chief chemist at Cube, where he acknowledged that the offer made by rival job was not very attractive and proved more to be a hassle. Upon this Warren recognized importance of Richard in the team and that they were eager to continue doing so. This was taken up as an offer by Richard, upon which he rejected the offer of the rival company. Here, to determine if this statement of Warren was an offer, the objective test should be applied. The second condition of the objective test is clearly satisfied, as Richard did believe that this was a valid offer and had rejected the rival companys on basis of this alleged offer of Warren. But when it comes to the first condition, the perception of a reasonable person would have to be applied. When an offer is made, the terms of the offer are clearly stated. Moreover, as was held in the case of G Scammell and Nephew Ltd v HCJG Ouston, if the terms are vague, the contract cannot be enforced. Also, a reasonable degree of certainty is required to establish a contract. Here, the terms of offer were never stated. Moreover, the reply of Warren was very vague and did not conclude any term for a contract. And so, there was no certainty regarding the terms of the contract. Accordingly, a reasonable person in similar circumstances would not deem this reply of Warren as an offer and rather, it would just be treated as a statement. So, this offer fails on the first condition of the objectivity test, and hence, it is not an offer. As no offer was made in this case, there are no grounds available with Richard to initiate any kind of actions against Warren or Cube. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it can be concluded that Richard has no claims against Cube. This is because the statement made by Warren was just a statement and not an offer. This can be established as the statement failed on the first condition of the objectivity test, even though the second condition of this test was satisfied. And as an offer was not made, no contractual obligation could arise. Also, as no offer was made, Richard cannot blame Cube or Warren for his rejection of the rival companys offer, as well as, for the lower paying job that he now has. To summarize, Richard cannot initiate any action against Warren or Cube. References Abbott, K., Pendlebury, N., and Wardman, K. (2007) Business law. 8th ed. London: Thompson Learning, pp. 98-99. Australian Contract Law. (2014) Hyde v Wrench (1840) Beav 334. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/hyde.html [Accessed on: 07/12/16] Beatty, J.F. (2009) Introduction to Business Law: Law, Business law. 3rd ed. Boston: South-Western Cenage Learning. Carter, J.W. (2011) Carter's Guide to Australian Contract Law. 2nd ed. Chastwood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworth. Cooley (UK) LLP. (2010) Contractual certainty: does Court of Appeal decision signal new approach?. [Online] The In-House Lawyer. Available from: https://theinhouselawyer.co.uk/index.php/contract/8073-contractual-certainty-does-court-of-appeal-decision-signal-new-approach [Accessed on: 07/12/16] E-Law Resources. (2016) Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552 Privy Council. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Harvey-v-Facey.php [Accessed on: 07/12/16] Farlex. (2016) Tender. [Online] The Free Dictionary. Available from: https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tender [Accessed on: 07/12/16] Furmston, M., and Tolhurst, G.J. (2010) Contract Formation: Law and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jade. (2016) Tallerman and Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise (Vic) Pty Ltd [1957] HCA 10; 98 CLR 93. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/article/65197 [Accessed on: 07/12/16] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. McKendrick, W., and Liu, Q. (2015) Contract Law: Australian Edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Moles, R.N., and Sangha, B. (2016) Contract Law Lecture - Formation of Contract - Offer and Acceptance. [Online] Networked Knowledge. Available from: https://netk.net.au/Contract/02Formation.asp [Accessed on: 07/12/16] OBrien, R. (2007) Analysis of the Postal Rule. Cork Online Law Review, 13, pp. 152-155. Available from: https://corkonlinelawreview.com/editions/2007/COLR%202007%2013%20O'Brien.pdf Paterson, J.M., Robertson, A., and Duke A. (2012) Principles of Contract Law. 4th ed. Pyrmont, NSW :Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Swarb. (2015) Smith v Hughes; QBD 1871. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/smith-v-hughes-qbd-1871/ [Accessed on: 07/12/16] Thomson Reuters. (2016) Byrne Co. v. Leon Van Tienhoven Co. [Online] Thomson Reuters. Available from: https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/product/AU/files/720502512/contract_p1_byrne_v_vantienhoven.pdf [Accessed on: 07/12/16]

Violent Video Games and How They Affect Youth Violence

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Literature Review Anti-Violent Video Games Findings Pro-Violent Video Games Findings Conclusion References Abstract A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of violent video and computer games on children and the youth. This research paper seeks to discuss the findings of studies conducted on violent video games and how they influence youth violence and aggressiveness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Violent Video Games and How They Affect Youth Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although some of the research findings have revealed that there is negligible relationship between the two, a significant number of the studies have found a positive correlation between the playing of violent video games and negative behavior like aggression, bullying, fighting, and desensitization among the young people. Researchers who condemn the p laying of violent video games argue that children under the age of 12 are greatly influenced and the effects can be long-term. Concerning the teenagers and the older youth, negative impact especially on aggressive behavior is also reported. However, the researchers have identified some crucial limiting factors, especially on the youth. They include; gender, age, and an individual’s level of education. These factors have been shown to play a central role when it comes to differentiating between the make-believe and real-life situation as far as violent video games are concerned. The research paper will conclude that a lot of research into violent video games and the youth need to be done in order to provide more evidence either for or against their use by the young adults. Introduction The need to understand the causes of violence and aggression among the youth in the United States of America has been in existence for a long period of time now. Meaningful research into this is sue started over 50 years ago with most of the researchers depicting conflicting findings. In recent times, violent video games have been on researchers’, local presses’, and politicians’ spotlight as the main causes of the reported criminal violence perpetrated by young adults (Anderson, 2005). This was triggered by the random shootings orchestrated by two youths, Lee Malvo and John Mohammad in Washington, DC. However, despite the overwhelming outcry against the youth playing violent video games, there are a number of researchers and advocates who oppose the idea of directly linking the exposure of young adults to violent scenes and their aggressive behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For them, there is no conclusive evidence to support the idea apart from the unreliable and non-standardized ways of collecting and analyzing/interpreting data used by their opponents (Ferguson, 2007). Literature Review This section seeks to highlight some of the research findings conducted by various researchers. It aims to draw the line between those who advocate for the scrutiny of the type of video games which the youth are allowed to play and those who see no problem at all when youth play violent video games. According to Anderson, Donnerstein, Johnson, Wartella (2005), most American teenagers are significantly influenced by the violent video games they play. The findings of their study strongly support the idea of the negative impact as a result of exposing young people to violent video games. Bryant and Bryant (2003), on the other hand, investigated the impact of the violent video games on teenagers (15-19 years of age). They further sought to find out if inherent personality traits do determine the degree of the influence of playing the games. The effects of the violent scenes from the various media sources and real-life situations ha ve also been studied by Funk, Pasold Heidi (2004). The results of their research reveal that continued exposure of children to violent scenes from televisions and playing of violent video games do greatly affect the children through their youth and adulthood. Moreover, Jonathan (2002) in his book explores the scientific evidence of the relationship between aggression and the playing of violent video games by the youth. The findings of his investigations into the issue reveal that there is a positive correlation between aggressiveness and exposure to violent scenes either from video games, television programs, or movies. His conclusions were similar to those found later by Woodard Gridina (2006). However, arguments to the contrary have been advanced by other researchers like Stupak (2004). The advocates of violent video games claim that there are little or no negative effects of playing these games especially by the youth. Instead, they cite a number of positive effects of playing violent video games. Stupak argue that the games aid in the child’s development and provide an avenue for letting out anger especially by the youth instead of acting them out in real-life situations on their colleagues. Other positive impacts of playing video games, according to the advocates, include but not limited to; therapeutic uses, training of hand-eye coordination, and simulation techniques for the older youth.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Violent Video Games and How They Affect Youth Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ferguson (2007), a renowned researcher in modern time offers a tough critique of research findings conducted by those who advocate for the abolishing of violent video games among the youth. Recent research has revealed that there has been a systematic bias in the publication of research findings into violent video games and their effects on the youth by various pu blic media outlets (Ferguson, 2007). While researchers have come up with varying opinions concerning the effects of violent video games on the youth, it is important to note that a lot more needs to be done if the contestations on this topic are to be minimized if not eliminated. Anti-Violent Video Games Findings As mentioned in the earlier parts of this paper, considerable research has been conducted to validate the idea of the negative effects of violent video games among the youth. The findings, however, have been faced with controversy and contestation. A research conducted by Gentile and Anderson (2003) revealed that aggressive thoughts and behavior manifestations increase considerably among the youth after they are exposed to violent video games, films, music, or television. Some psychological theories advocate the observational learning and the researchers have cited these theories in supporting their arguments. The children are believed to learn by imitating what they encoun ter by perception/sight. The degree of the influence is believed to depend on individual differences (Woodard Gridina, 2006). According to Anderson et. al., there is a positive correlation between youth violence and violent video games. They investigated American youth and their individual reaction to violent images on television, and the abstract violent scenes in video games. Most reported being disturbed by games depicting acts of terrorism and nuclear war especially by the thought of what would happen if it was to occur in real-life. A number of them have been influenced by the violent video games and believe that it is a means of reacting to some situations in life. More than half of those investigated, according to the research findings, confessed to having ever thought of acting them out in real life. The tendency to act out what had been seen was reported mainly by the male participants. In their book, Gentile and Anderson present the findings of their study on youth and vi olent video games.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The participants in the study were youth pursuing their college studies. Some were made to play an extremely violent game (Wolfenstein 3D) while others played non-violent games. Those who played the violent games were more likely to display aggressive behavior to other persons compared to those who played non-violent video games. Their conclusions reveal that violent video games have significant impacts on the youth. The research findings have been consistent across the board. This is on the various types of studies like longitudinal, experimental, and cross-sectional and also across the different visual media like video games and movies. Research findings indicate that continued exposure of adolescents to violent video games increases the likelihood that they will depict physical aggression towards their peers or other people in general (Jonathan, 2002). Aggressive behavior has been defined by researchers in this category as any act or behavior that is willingly intended to cause o r prolong harm on someone else. These may include bullying, hitting with an object, or the reluctance in aiding someone in pain or distress (Slater, Kimberly, and Anderson, 2003). Further results from other researches demonstrate the relationship between the levels of aggression and violent video games. These studies were motivated by the prospect of the idea that inherently aggressive individuals prefer violent games rather than the violent video games causing the aggressiveness (Bryant Bryant, 2003). The authors, in their study, investigated the effects of playing violent video games on individuals in their late teenage. The participants in the study were aged between 15 and19 and were all freely exposed to play video games with violent scenes. About two thirds of them were found to have increased aggression when it comes to dealing with real-life situations. Furthermore, according to the study, those with inherent aggressive trait were more influenced by the violent video games as compared to those with very low hostile tendencies. Hence, the violent video games serve to increase the aggression, especially among the youth (Bryant Bryant, 2003). Another crucial area of investigation identified by researchers is on the various avenues through which the youth can be exposed to violent scenes. They argue that the exposure of violent images to the youth in the course of their development may determine the extent of the effects. The exposure of children to violent scenes as they grow may end up desensitizing them significantly (Slater, et. al., 2003). According to Funk, Pasold Heidi (2004), there is a significant desensitization of the youth from prolonged exposure to real-life, video game, and movie violence. In their journal, they evaluate the findings of their research into the relationship between the exposure of children and teenagers to violent scenes in real-life, playing video games, and watching movies with violent contents. The findings of the resear ch they conducted on American children estimates that by age 18, the average American child will have been exposed to over 200,000 acts and scenes of violence on television programs alone. The researchers conclude that children who play violent video games or are exposed to images of brutal killings, rapes, and bombings will most likely be desensitized to acts of violence and may perceive them as acceptable ways of responding to daily-life stresses and frustrations (Funk et. al., 2004). In deed, more recent researchers have focused on determining the contribution of exposure to violent media and later manifestations of aggressive behavior. After conducting their research into the prevalence of aggressive behavior, Woodard Gridina (2006) provided statistics and facts as far as media violence and the youth is concerned in the United States of America. They conducted a research on violence depicted in the various media like the television, movies, and video games and how they affect c hildren’s aggressive behavior later in life. Their findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between the children’s interaction with violent scenes from the media and their aggressiveness. Moreover, they sought to find out whether the youth involved in violent crime have any experience with violent video games. The need to investigate this area was triggered by the tragic series of school shootings witnessed in the various states of American from 1974 to 2000. Researchers wonder what evil would convince a student to turn against his colleagues! Among other underlying reasons, it was established that about 13% of the perpetrators were addicts of violent video games, about 25% in violent movies, and another 25% in violent books (Woodard Gridina, 2006). Pro-Violent Video Games Findings In spite of the overwhelming findings against the playing of violent video games by the youth, some researchers still hold that there is no sufficient evidence to validate the claims. This controversy is what has complicated research into the topic of violent media and the youth. The researchers argue that the methods used to collect, analyze, interpret, and draw conclusions are not acceptable and hence the end results are misleading (Ferguson, 2007). As much as these researchers may not object in totality the insights that some findings provide, it is the perceived negligence of the limiting factors that throws the dream for consensus into disarray. The advocates for violent media argue that their opponents have very shallow definitions of what aggression or violence means (Stupak, 2004). Also, the omission of other contributing factors to aggression and violence brings further contention. They claim that the opponents ignore other antisocial characteristics and blame everything on violent video games. According to Ferguson (2007), the test conditions employed by researchers and their subsequent results are not worth being used in general in the real wo rld. He specifically points out experimental settings which according to him are artificial and there is limited time to make meaningful observations. Hence, in Ferguson’s opinion, the findings cannot be generalized. The sample used to conduct the studies has been identified to be usually very small and thus non-representative (Stupak, 2004). Other researchers with similar opinions have conducted their studies to validate their arguments. They claim that the effects of violent video games on the youth exist but very negligible to be taken seriously. Teenage violent crimes have been on the decline from 1995 to 2006 in the United States of America despite the reported sharp increase in popularity of violent video games among the adolescents over the same period (Ferguson, 2007). Ferguson further asserts that violent video games help the adolescent boys relieve their natural aggression instead of acting it out on their peers which would cause physical harm. Conclusion From the f indings of the various researches and the reactions thereof, it is evident that the entire research community investigating the effects of violent media on the youth is sharply and clearly divided. The arguments for and against the playing of violent video games have been advanced. The temptation to conclude which side wins may not be as easy as one may think. It is therefore evident that the investigations into this topic are far from over. More reliable and valid research methods need to be designed if this topic is to be exhaustively concluded. Since psychology is a science in itself and that scientific methods must be adhered to the letter, contradictory findings are the ones that will lead to the ultimate and conclusive finding as far as the topic is concerned. References Anderson, C. A., Donnerstein, E., Johnson, J. D. Wartella, E. (2005). The impact of violent video games on the youth. [Peer Reviewed Journal] Psychological Sciences in the  Interest of the Public. Vol. 6 (2 ), 72-112. Bryant, A. Bryant, J. (2003). Media and the Youth: Effects of violent video games on adolescents. [Peer Reviewed Journal Article] Journal of Applied Developmental  Psychology. Vol. 25(3), 321-356. Ferguson, C. J. (2007). Effects of violent video games: Evidence for literature publication bias. [Peer Reviewed Journal] National Institute of Mental Health. Vol.10 (2), 431-478. Funk, J. B., Pasold, T. Heidi, B. (2004). Exposure to violence in real-life, video games, internet, and movies: Is there desensitization? [Peer Reviewed Journal] Journal of  Adolescence. Vol.27 (4), 3-45. Gentile, D. A. Anderson, C. A. (2003). Violent Video Games: The Effects on the Youth. Mc Graw Hill Plc. Jonathan, I. F. (2002). Media violence and its influence on youth aggression: the assessment of  scientific evidence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Slater, M. D., Kimberly, H. L., Anderson, L. L. (2003). Violent video games and aggressiveness in adolescents. [Peer Reviewed Journal] Science Journals. Vol. 31(2), 213-247. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Woodard, E. H. Gridina, N. M. (2006). Use of the Media in the Home 2006: The 10th annual  survey of children and parents. Philadelphia, PA: The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. This research paper on Violent Video Games and How They Affect Youth Violence was written and submitted by user Teagan Cantrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analysis of McDonalds

Analysis of McDonalds McDonald’s leads the food service sector globally, with its more than 70 million customers in more than 100 countries. It relies on 35,000 locations and uses a franchise model to sustain growth globally. The parent company owns 20 percent of the restaurants, while the remaining share belongs to independent businesses (McDonalds, 2014).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of McDonald’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What kind of market does the company belong to? The market of McDonalds’s products is perfectly competitive because there are many rivals, who have equal access to the customers. At the same time, customers have adequate information about the products offered by all companies in the industry, and they are free to pick any of the products they see fit. Prices of the products depend on a business’s strategic positioning in the market. At the same time, prices are sensitive to any deviations from the market equilibrium position. For example, if the price of a McDonald’s burger increases substantially to be different from the ordinary price of burgers in a particular country, then consumers will prefer to buy burgers from the competing brands and shun the McDonald’s brand. McDonald’s belongs to the quick service restaurant industry, specializing in the delivery of easy to grab food menu items. What is the Price Elasticity of Demand for the goods that the McDonald’s sells? The price elasticity of foods and nonalcoholic beverages offered by the company is generally under one. Additionally, the inclusion of food away from home in the analysis brings the elasticity towards one. Typical scores for the price elasticity of fast food restaurant food are 0.7 to 0.8. An interpretation of this elasticity is that the demand for the food or beverage is very sensitive to price changes. If prices increase by one percent, then the expected reduction in demand will be 0.8 percent to 0.7 percent.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Is the demand elastic or inelastic? The demand for McDonald’s products is elastic. Changes in price, caused by the company’s decision or regulatory influences such as tax and subsidy policies, can lead to fluctuations in demand in the short term. Customers do not have to invest in the brand for long for them to be able to derive value. Moreover, they do not build significant attachment to foods and beverages offered, such that they cannot cut their purchases or shift to the substitute products. In fact, the presence of many alternatives contributes to the elasticity of the demand for the company. The elastic nature of demand for the company’s product places it in a risky market position. At the same time, the quality of food served by the company is a sourc e of concern for many stakeholder groups that seek to influence healthy food choices in society. Therefore, McDonald’s business remains vulnerable to factors that affect prices of its goods and the demand, as a result. Increased focus on healthy eating habits in society caused by a high prevalence of lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, is causing consumers and health bodies in different countries to demand restrictions on the marketing of fast food restaurants and imposing taxes on the business to compensate for their negative influence on society. However, the application of recommendations is different in various countries (Andreyeva, Long, Brownell, 2010). McDonald’s is yet to face a radical shift in policy that severely handicaps its business strategy, but the company is aware of the potential danger that such as regulatory move would cause to its profitability. Overall, McDonad’s products face different effects of technological changes, socia l factors, the retail environment, government policies, and changing economic factors in the various countries where the company operates.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of McDonald’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What kind of income elasticity the product(s) of the company face? The foods and drinks offered at any McDonald’s restaurant are normal goods whose demand and supply curves follow market conventions. A rise in the price influences an increase in the supply, when demand remains the same or increases. On the other hand, as the price elasticity of demand showed, a rise in price corresponds to a decrease in demand when other things in the market remain constant. Consumers increase their consumption of products from McDonald’s when their income increases. At the same time, during harsh economic conditions, when people lose jobs, or experience a slowdown in their businesses and have less disposable income, they only purchase essential quantities or skip some purchases. Therefore, the income elasticity of the products sold by McDonald’s is elastic. However, for particular foods like burgers that fill the dollar menu, considerable increases in consumer incomes only increase the consumption to a certain level before consumers choose other pricier menu items perceived for their healthiness. In this case, the burger becomes an inferior good and its income elasticity becomes inelastic. Who are their closest competitors? The closest competitors include Burger King Worldwide Inc., which offer various fast food menu items at an affordable price for most consumers, Subway restaurants, KFC, and Wendy’s Co. Both Burger King and Wendy ventured into the breakfast segment of the market as a way of differentiating themselves, and to increase their rivalry with McDonald’s. They also introduced menu items that are locally customizable to give consumers better matches for their tastes (Patton, 2014). Other than the main global competitors, there are country-specific competitors in every nation where the company has a presence.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Are there any close substitutes or complements? There are several products whose cross elasticity of demand with respect to the products offered by McDonalds is positive. Consumers can take on the substitutes when they do not have or do not want to purchase McDonald’s products. At the same time, the company’s products have compliments. The beverages sold at McDonald’s restaurants have substitutes in the form of other beverage brands sold by other restaurants. The price of a coke at McDonald’s is about the same as the price of a Pepsi at Burger King. McDonald’s sells numerous brands within particular beverage ranges, such as coffee or tea and soda. This includes its branded foods and drinks, which consumers can quickly find replacements in its rival stores. As for burgers and other foods, there is a slight difference in the ingredients used to make them. However, the taste of a burger and the size at a McDonald’s restaurant are similar to tho se available in other restaurants, such as KFC and Subway (Landsburg, 2014). Thus, customers can form preferences based on the location of the restaurant and brand association. However, they are free to pick a McDonald’s or any of its close competitors if they depend on a pure product basis. The company does not encourage customers to bring foods from external sources into its restaurants. Therefore, it does not have compliments. The exception is when clients take food from McDonald’s and go to eat together with food or drinks from other outlets. In many cases, the complimentary product will be a drink or food item that McDonald’s does not offer. However, a significant percentage of consumers do not rely on complementary products. They will either pick a McDonald’s product, such as its hamburger or one of its close rivals. Is the demand for the product of the company growing? The demand for McDonald’s foods and beverages has been plateauing for the last few years as rivals catch up with the company, and negative performances of economies affect it. However, the company still registers marginal growth as the overall demand for fast foods around the world increases. The main reason for the increase is the rise in population and the growth of the middle-income class in many emerging economies. A big influence for change in the demand is consumer preference. Many people are becoming aware of the health effects of eating junk food. Therefore, they are watching their fat and calorie intake. The negative publicity of McDonald’s foods does not make the matter better. The brand associates with bad food choices and consumers opt to look for rival restaurants to find healthy food, despite the interventions made by the company to increase healthy food menu items in its restaurants. As a result, the company has to invest more money in its promotion strategy to ensure that it continues to attract new customers and retain the existin g ones (Hirschey, 2008). Nevertheless, a focus on the dollar menu has been a key driver of growth for McDonald’s. The company seeks to provide consumers with the most affordable food in the market. It offers a dollar menu item that includes the essential daily nutrition elements for individuals. Thus, consumers who are busy and need a quick meal prefer to pick items from the dollar menu (The Associated Press, 2013). At the same time, those looking for the most affordable meal associate McDonald’s with inexpensiveness and frequent its restaurants. Therefore, the primary promoter of the increase in demand for the company’s products is the changing lifestyles of consumers, which make them busy. Moreover, the increase in the costs of living compels consumers to look for value for money deals when visiting restaurants. Growth in demand for McDonald’s faces two challenges. The first one is the reputation of the brand as a poor health choice for consumers. That reputation was further tarnished by reports showing that the company relied on wrong ingredient choices and used expired ingredients in its foods. Although the company has done several internal tests to correct the problem, the public perception of the brand has already suffered. Regulators also investigated the restaurant for sanitary standard violation across the European and Russian market. The restaurant business is sensitive to sanitary issues. Consumers expect to dine in premises that meet the minimum threshold of cleanliness. Therefore, any news of sanitary standards’ violation is going to affect the demand for the company’s products adversely. Despite the grave nature of the adverse effects highlighted above, McDonalds can overcome them in the long-term, as it continues to implement strategies that enhance its value to consumers. A more persistent problem in the company is its maturation. In many markets, the industry has matured, and there is no more room for growth. There are enough restaurants competing in the industry, and the only way for companies to expand is by merging or acquiring their rivals. Otherwise, companies are only able to introduce few restaurants per year, and the marginal return on the new restaurants is less that optimal. In the United States, in particular, the growth of McDonald’s and the rival businesses has stagnated in terms of the number of new restaurants opened annually. At the same time, sales for each restaurant are either the same or slowing down in their growth. Can the labor force of the company be trained further to increase productivity and lower cost of production? It is difficult to train the labor force to raise productivity because the practice is standardized. Employees are already trained in customer service delivery and specialized in various aspects of restaurant operations. They can serve in different departments in the same restaurant or various restaurants. They are aware of customer demands, as well as operational needs of the business. Additional training is less likely to increase productivity in the low-end level of employees, unless the training involves the use of technologically advanced equipment to ease service delivery. On the other hand, the management employees in the restaurants and the overall business can benefit from improvements in the management and leadership skills. The business performance relies on strategic implementation of its growth and sustainability plans. Its main actors in this area are its management employees. Therefore, any additional training on the use of appropriate business leadership and management tools, as well as awareness of industry variables will help managers improve the operation of their restaurants and their divisions in the company (Hirschey, 2008). However, training will not guarantee substantial improvements in performance because it relies on the matching of difference people skills and job demands. Standardize d training will work for some employees and fail to work for others. Therefore, in case the company goes ahead with any additional training plans, it must consider various factors that affect training effectiveness. These include the company tradition, prevailing economic and social influencing factors on employee productivity, the cost of training, and the expected margin of improvement in performance (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). As a business, is the company profitable? Will it be able to sustain profitability? McDonald’s prides itself as more than just a restaurant; the company gives jobs to many people and acts as a community partner. It seeks to sustain its position as a model for other restaurants around the world. One way of sustaining its market position is by focusing on the quality of its product, delivering services that meet customers’ expectations and maintaining overall cleanliness. The company also nourishes its values across all its operations acros s the world. It seeks to define the lifestyle of its customers, in addition to its desire to become a place where customers will prefer to eat and drink. Therefore, it focuses on a marketing mix strategy that continuously improves aspects of its operations dealing with products, place, price, and promotions (McDonalds, 2014). McDonald’s has not been profitable in the last few years. Its primary market, which is the United States, has been experiencing slow growth, thereby affecting its overall profitability negatively. In 2014, the third-quarter profits dropped by 30 percent in the United States, which was due to the poor performance of the introduced deals and new items. An increase in the price of the burger, which many consumers preferred as an inexpensive meal also, led to a slump in demand and decreased profitability. The loss in profitability was attributed to increased competition, but it could also be a pointer to the decreasing popularity of the purely fast food chai n in developed markets (Patton, 2014). How can it make its profit grow? Consumers are increasingly scrutinizing the market for foods and drinks across the world. They are looking at ethical business conduct and corporate social responsibility programs of different companies to evaluate their brand values. Given that ‘eating out’ has become an acceptable lifestyle choice for Western cultures, customers prefer to explain their life choices by different issues, such as the restaurants they frequent daily. McDonald’s has to place itself in an excellent market position to capture the various market segments characterized by consumer preferences, economic conditions, and social factors (Goodman, 2009). As a public traded company, the company also faces demands from stakeholders and shareholders, which affect its ability to formulate and pursue different strategies. For example, it has to comply with market regulations against business monopolies and submit annual retur ns to the market regulator. It must provide its investors with a yearly report that details its performance and elaborates its strategies for the upcoming years. This information informs investors and other stakeholders about the company. At the same time, it provides the competitors with a basis for understanding the McDonald’s structure and the way of doing business. Thus, many rivals can quickly formulate business strategies to compete with McDonald’s and take its share of different markets. In view of these points, McDonald’s must rely on differentiation and the pursuit of capabilities that are difficult for its rivals to copy in various markets. This table demonstrates the income sources of fast food restaurants from different regions to highlight their growth and profitability prospects. It shows McDonald’s as the company with the most diversified sources of income, closely followed by Burger King (Jurevicius, 2015) 2013 McDonald’s[1] Yu m! Brands[2] Burger King[3] Wendy’s[4] Income from U.S. 31.5% 18.9% 58% 98% Income from Europe 40% 19.3% 29.3% 0% Rest of the world 28.5% 61.8% 12.7% 2% McDonald’s has an internal company value of constant improvement, where it seeks to respond to changes in customer, employee, and system needs effectively (QRSWeb.com, 2010). The company has to focus on its iconic brands that are responsible for most customer traffic into its restaurants across the world to maintain profitability. It also has to find incremental changes to its menu items that make the main foods and drinks relevant to changes in customer preferences. Relying on consumer research will be a good strategy for maintaining profitability. The company should build on its various customer intelligence platforms to know more about its customers and use its barbell strategy to manage its multiple revenue streams. These strategies will allow it to sustain a favorable market, even in times of economic rec ession when customers watch their spending. The company must invest in technology platforms that enable it to offer differentiated services. The restaurant experience can extend beyond the actual restaurant premises into people’s social lifestyles. The company should make use of the new media to stay in touch with the customers. It should also update its customer order display boards and its point-of-sale systems regularly so that it improves the speed of capturing details and the number of details obtained (Macke, 2015). Eventually, the new information should assist its employees in delivering personalized service to an industry that relies on standardization. A critical competitive advantage of the company will be its ability to personalize the McDonald’s experience, which makes it unique compared to customer experiences at rival restaurants. The franchise business model allows McDonald’s to retain control of its global image and promotion strategy, which is a n essential part of sustaining its profitability momentum (Ferrell Hartline, 2011). Recently, the company introduced new features in its branding strategy. It hopes that the new features will continue to make its brand relevant in the 21st century. At the same time, the new features such, as newly build and remodeled restaurants around the world, will be avenues for increasing customer focus. For example, the company is allowing new restaurants to have new designs in in-store graphics, furniture, and iconic features of the Ronald McDonald’s comical image. Other relevant factors The company’s profitability relies on a perfect execution of its long-term plan, referred to as the Plan to Win. Thus, it has to maintain a capable leadership and senior management team to ensure that all the parameters of the plan succeed. The main factor affecting growth and sustainability of the business is its ability to remain relevant and continue to enjoy high levels of customer trust. F or the company to achieve long-term growth, it has to differentiate the client experience. Differentiation requires investing in customer intelligence and research on preferences and market trends. It should also include the development of new products. However, the company must also ensure that additional costs introduced into the business do not erode its profit margins. The strategic plan of the company continues to affect the options for pricing, marketing, and promoting the business in different countries. An important point for McDonald’s to consider is to ensure that the company adapts to the cultural and social factors affecting its operations in foreign countries. In the past year, the company initiated various remodeling initiatives for its newer restaurants to improve the brand. Moreover, it has to look into making optimal capacity improvements so that growth in revenue comes from increased business of the existing restaurants, rather than relying on the developmen t of new restaurants. The biggest improvement in McDonald’s business will come from consistent reviews of its market performance. The company needs to scrutinize every management decision to determine its effect on the overall performance. For example, it can create performance benchmarks that follow non-monetary aspects of employee engagement, and then use them, together with management decision evaluation systems to evaluate the effectiveness of its strategic plan. The following is a SWOT analysis table of the internal business situation at McDonald’s and external factors that can influence its strategic choices. SWOT Analysis of McDonald’s Strengths Weaknesses Income diversification – the company relies on diversified income sources to sustain its business. It runs a fast food restaurant in many countries. In the particular markets where it operates, the company offers different menu items and targets differentiated consumers. Therefore, it ob tains revenues from different source as compared to its rivals that rely on the same products and consumer segments in every market that they operate in. While competitors rely on the incomes of a few geographical regions, McDonald’s gets revenue from the United States, Europe, and the rest of the world in well-balanced proportions. McDonald’s revenues will increase because income will come from different sources. Turbulence in one market can be offset by good returns form another market. Successful advertisement brand name – the company has invested enough funds to grow its brand reputation. It is known globally, even in markets where it does not have a franchise yet. As a result, customers who want fast foods or drinks prefer to dine in a McDonald’s than in other lesser-known brands. In many countries outside the United States, successful branding has allowed the company to enjoy favorable treatment as customers seek to embrace the Western culture. Col laborations – the company has also succeeded because it is collaborating with other firms to offer comprehensive menu items. For example, the partnership with Coke allows it to offer consumers value for money when they are picking its dollar menu items. It pairs each selection with drinks so that customers do not have to buy drinks separately. The company has also been providing clean environments and aims to follow high hygienic standards. Parents are assured that play areas for their children will remain clean always. Standardized service – customers can expect the same quality of service at all restaurants belonging to the company. McDonald’s invests in its employees by training and providing them with career development options. This allows them to remain committed to their work and deliver high-quality services to customers in every part of the world. Competitive pricings – in addition to the dollar menu items that target the bargain hunters, the oth er foods and drinks offered at the restaurant are priced competitively. The company understands the elastic nature of the demand for its goods; therefore, it matches the prices of products with market expectations. Weak product development – the time taken to come up with new products at the company is quite long. Rivals can introduce products faster and take up a significant share of the market in response to changing tastes and preferences of consumers. At the same time, McDonald’s relies so much on its successful products that it fails to pay enough attention to other products. This contributes to their huckster performance. Joint venture or franchise management – unlike its stores, the company does not have absolute control of its franchise businesses. It can only rely on the platform that it has created to ensure that global programs of the business and opportunities for growth are harnessed. However, in the case of country-specific challenges, the busi ness may take time to react appropriately due to the bureaucratic layers that are introduced to management by the franchise business model. Opportunities Threats Internationalization – currently, the business serves only one percent of the global population; thus, there are numerous opportunities for growth. It can increase its revenue by investing in emerging economies like India and Brazil, which are having a high growth of their middle-class incomes. At the same time, it may concentrate on its operations in developed countries and introduce variations to its key products to capture new market segments. Healthy foods – as the world becomes conscious of healthy eating, McDonald’s can partner with health companies to help it deliver better food and beverage choices to consumers (Hirschey, 2008). Changing consumer trends – much of the world is embracing the eating out culture, which presents excellent growth opportunities for companies that run res taurants in different market segments. Association with unhealthy habits – the company faces a reputation challenge as consumers become health-conscious and demand healthier menu items. If the company fails to address concerns from consumers, then it risks losing its business to rivals that offer healthier alternatives. Cultural backlash – in foreign markets, McDonald’s does not make substantial efforts to assimilate into the local cultures. While it prides itself as spreading the American culture, it also risks facing resistance for its failure to consider local cultural expectations of particular countries. There are many local competitors in different countries that have set their target as McDonald’s. The success of the company attracts scrutiny of its business strategies and acts as a hindrance to its differentiation strategy. Competitors are keen to copy its strategies and deny it a competitive advantage. This table shows the performance of McDonald’s and some of its close competitors in terms of income for the year 2013 and total the number of restaurants by the year 2014 (Bloch, 2015) 2013 McDonald’s Burger King Wendy’s % of income from the total number of franchises operated by the respective companies 32.85% 80.5% 12.9% Total number of restaurants (year 2014) 36,258 52 (company owned), 14,320 (franchised worldwide) 957 References Andreyeva, T., Long, M. W., Brownell, K. D. (2010). The impact of food prices on consumption: A systematic review of research on the price elasticity of demand for food. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 216-222. Bloch, H. (2015). Statistics and facts on McDonalds. Retrieved from statista.com/topics/1444/mcdonalds/ Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2011). Marketing strategy (6th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Goodman, J. A. (2009). 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